class Nstring {
    class RefCnt {
        unsigned m_n; // cantidad de referencia a este objeto
        char *   m_s; // la hilera
        ~RefCnt() { delete [] m_s; } // borra su propia memoria dinámica
    friend void release( RefCnt * );
    friend class Nstring;
    }; // RefCnt
    // ...
}; // Nstring

void release( Nstring::RefCnt * m_ref ) {
    m_ref->m_n--;             // desliga
    if ( m_ref->m_n == 0 ) {  // destruye si es el último
        delete m_ref;
    }
} // OJO: release() es una función... ˇ no es un método !



/*==================================================*\
|| Programa C++ original                            ||
\*==================================================*/

{   Nstring::RefCnt * m_ref;
    // ...
    m_ref = new Nstring::RefCnt( "Banana" );
    // ...
    delete( m_ref ); // m_ref->~Nstring::RefCnt(); free( m_ref );
    // ...
}

/*==================================================*\
|| Programa C resultado                             ||
\*==================================================*/

void free(void *block);
void *malloc(size_t size);

{   Nstring::RefCnt * m_ref;
    // ...
//  m_ref = new Nstring::RefCnt( "Banana" );    
    m_ref = alloc( sizeof(Nstring::RefCnt) ); // obtiene memoria dinámica
    m_ref->Nstring::RefCnt( "banana" );       // inicializa con el constructor
    // ...

//  delete( m_ref );
    m_ref->~Nstring::RefCnt(); // destruye con el destructor
                               // el destructor retorna la memoria de "m_s"
    free( m_ref );             // devuelve la memoria dinámica
    // ...
}


/*==================================================*\
|| Especificación BC++ v3.1                         ||
\*==================================================*/

#include <stdlib.h>

/// \c "malloc()" allocates a block of \c "size" bytes from the memory heap.
/// - It allows a program to allocate memory explicitly as it's needed, 
///   and in the exact amounts needed.
/// - The heap is used for dynamic allocation of variable-sized blocks of memory.
/// - Many data structures, such as lists, naturally employ heap memory allocation.
void *malloc(size_t size);

/// \c "free()" deallocates a memory block allocated by a previous call to 
/// \c "calloc()", \c "malloc()", \or \c "realloc()".
void free(void *block);